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Indian Pediatr 2009;46: 1107-1108 |
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Spectrum of Congenital Heart Diseases in
Kashmir, India |
Mohd Ashraf, J Chowdhary, K Khajuria and AM Reyaz
Department of Pediatrics, G B Pant General Hospital,
Kashmir, India.
Email: [email protected]
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A retrospective analysis of case-records data of 53,653 patients (0-18
years) over a two and half year period was conducted to ascertain the
spectrum of congenital heart diseases. Two hundred and twenty one
patients were found having congenital heart diseases; a prevalence of
4.1/1000. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most frequent lesion
seen in 69 (31.2%), followed by patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 36
(16.3%) children. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) was the most frequent
cyanotic heart disease seen in 17 (7.8%) patients.
Key words: Congenital heart disease, India, Prevalence.
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The prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in India ranges between
3.9 – 26.4 per 1000 live births, in hospital based studies(1-3). We
conducted this study to ascertain the prevalence and spectrum of CHD in
children (aged 0-18 years) including those who were born in or attending
our hospital over a two and half year period (Aug 2006–Jan 2009). Care was
taken to avoid duplicate recording of the cases.
A total of 53,653 patients (aged 0-18 years) attended
our hospital; suspected cases were subjected to detailed clinical
examination, X-ray chest and ECG. Diagnosis was confirmed by
echocardiography, as per standards of the American Society of
Echocardiography(4). Echocardiography was performed by senior
cardiologists twice in a week. Overall, 221 patients (113 males, 51.1%)
were confirmed to have CHD. The CHDs in the order of frequency were; VSD
in 69 (31.2%), PDA in 36 (16.3%), complex CHD’s in 26 (11.8%), ASD in 25
(11.3%), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in 17 (7.8%), pulmonary stenosis (PS)
in 15 (6.8%), and atrioventricular canal malformation in 11 (5%). Aortic
stenosis (AS), transposition of great arteries (TGA), corrected TGA,
hypoplastic left heart syndrome, total anomalous pulmonary venous
connection, and single ventricle were documented in 3 subjects each.
Tricuspid atresia, dextrocardia, coarctation of aorta and truncus
artriosus were present in 1 patient each. Sixty (27.1%) patients were
neonates, 106 (48%) were infants and toddlers, 27 (12.2%) were preschool,
16 (7.2%) school children and 12 (5.4%) were adolescents. Maximum number
[166 (75.1%)] comprised of youngsters between the age group of 0-3 years.
Our study findings are similar to those published
earlier from other parts of India (5-7). Our study had certain limitations
including its retrospective nature, missing cases due to still births,
immediate neonatal deaths at home, non availability of autopsy facilities,
asymptomatic CHDs and improper follow up. Thus the estimated prevalence
might be an underestimate of the true burden of the CHD in community, in
particular, Kashmir.
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