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correspondence

Indian Pediatr 2009;46: 737-738

Drugs for Cardiac Diseases


Abhishek Bansal

Assistant Professor, Pediatrics,
NHL Municipal Medical College,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat,
India.
Email: [email protected]
 


Working group deserves appreciation for such a comprehensive article on management of various important cardiac problems(1). However few issues need clarification:

1. Inspite of better and safer drugs being made available, unfortunately digoxin is still the most commonly used medicine for heart failure in clinical practice. And this has been endorsed by you by keeping digoxin at first place among all. Interestingly later on you have mentioned ACEi as first line drug(1).

2. For hypertension, how much time one should wait, if BP is not being controlled by one drug, before adding the second one.

3. My last and most serious concern is regarding dopamine. Indications of dopamine listed are – to improve renal perfusion, birth asphyxia and myocardial ischemia. Renal dose of dopamine is obsolete(2), rather it may be harmful. For remaining two indications references given are of 1978 and 1979! Millions of gallon of water has passed under the bridge since than. Dopamine, now, known to be most tachy-arrhythmogenic among all vasopressors(3), then how this drug can be indicated for myocardial ischemia?

4. Dopamine reduces gastric mucosal pH, adversely affects blood flow at microcirculation level, increases pulmonary shunt and causes immunosuppeession then perhaps it would be more detrimental to the asphyxiated babies.

5. Management algorithm for septic shock describes only hypotensive patients. Hypotension occurs very late and represents uncompensated state. Whereas in pediatric septic patients normotensive, low cardiac output, high SVR shock is more common(4). Drug recommended for such shock is dobutamine(4). For treatment of pediatric hypotensive shock though many authorities still recommend dopamine as the first line drug, but its age related insensitivity(5) and if not superior than at least similar hemodynamic profile of norepinephrine makes norepinephrine a preferred choice.

References

1. Working group on Management of Congenital Heart Disease in India. Drug therapy of cardiac diseases in children. Indian Pediatr 2009; 46; 310-338.

2. Bellomo R, Chapman M, Finfer S, Hickling K, Myburgh J. Low dose dopamine in patients with early renal dysfunction: A placebo controlled randomized trial. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS). Clinical Trial Group. Lancet 2000; 356: 2139-2143.

3. Hollenberg SM, Ahrens TS, Annane D, Astiz ME, Chalfin DB, Dasta JF. Surviving sepsis campaign. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 1928-1948.

4. Parker MM, Hazelzet JA, Carcillo JA. Pediatric considerations. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: S591-594.

5. Allen E, Pettigrew A, Frank D, Thompson S, Myers C, Yamashila T, et al. Alteration in dopamine clearance and catechol-O-methyltransferase activity by dopamine infusions in children. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:181-189.
 

 

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