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Indian Pediatr 2009;46:
737-738 |
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Drugs for Cardiac Diseases |
Abhishek Bansal
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics,
NHL Municipal Medical College,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat,
India.
Email:
[email protected]
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Working group deserves appreciation for such a comprehensive article on
management of various important cardiac problems(1). However few issues
need clarification:
1. Inspite of better and safer drugs being made
available, unfortunately digoxin is still the most commonly used
medicine for heart failure in clinical practice. And this has been
endorsed by you by keeping digoxin at first place among all.
Interestingly later on you have mentioned ACEi as first line drug(1).
2. For hypertension, how much time one should wait,
if BP is not being controlled by one drug, before adding the second one.
3. My last and most serious concern is regarding
dopamine. Indications of dopamine listed are – to improve renal
perfusion, birth asphyxia and myocardial ischemia. Renal dose of
dopamine is obsolete(2), rather it may be harmful. For remaining two
indications references given are of 1978 and 1979! Millions of gallon of
water has passed under the bridge since than. Dopamine, now, known to be
most tachy-arrhythmogenic among all vasopressors(3), then how this drug
can be indicated for myocardial ischemia?
4. Dopamine reduces gastric mucosal pH, adversely
affects blood flow at microcirculation level, increases pulmonary shunt
and causes immunosuppeession then perhaps it would be more detrimental
to the asphyxiated babies.
5. Management algorithm for septic shock describes
only hypotensive patients. Hypotension occurs very late and represents
uncompensated state. Whereas in pediatric septic patients normotensive,
low cardiac output, high SVR shock is more common(4). Drug recommended
for such shock is dobutamine(4). For treatment of pediatric hypotensive
shock though many authorities still recommend dopamine as the first line
drug, but its age related insensitivity(5) and if not superior than at
least similar hemodynamic profile of norepinephrine makes norepinephrine
a preferred choice.
References
1. Working group on Management of Congenital Heart
Disease in India. Drug therapy of cardiac diseases in children. Indian
Pediatr 2009; 46; 310-338.
2. Bellomo R, Chapman M, Finfer S, Hickling K, Myburgh
J. Low dose dopamine in patients with early renal dysfunction: A placebo
controlled randomized trial. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care
Society (ANZICS). Clinical Trial Group. Lancet 2000; 356: 2139-2143.
3. Hollenberg SM, Ahrens TS, Annane D, Astiz ME,
Chalfin DB, Dasta JF. Surviving sepsis campaign. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:
1928-1948.
4. Parker MM, Hazelzet JA, Carcillo JA. Pediatric
considerations. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: S591-594.
5. Allen E, Pettigrew A, Frank D, Thompson S, Myers C,
Yamashila T, et al. Alteration in dopamine clearance and
catechol-O-methyltransferase activity by dopamine infusions in children.
Crit Care Med 1997; 25:181-189.
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