We read with interest the case report by Jindal, et al.(1)
describing the management of a 27 day old neonate with snakebite
envenomation. Surprisingly, there is no mention of ptosis in this case
report of severe neurotoxic ophitoxemia. The dose of 50 vials (500 mL) of
ASV used will neutralize 300mg of cobra venom and 225mg of krait venom
which is well beyond the capability of each snake to achieve in a bite.
This is a clear case of unnecessary overuse of ASV. The endpoint of ASV
administration is where the dose is sufficient to neutralize any unbound
venom. Keeping the reversal of respiratory and neuromuscular paralysis as
the end point and pumping in ASV to achieve it as done in this case is
definitely not rational. Twenty vials is the maximum that can be given to
a patient with neurotoxic snakebite envenomation. Larger doses of ASV over
prolonged duration have no benefit in reversing envenomation(2,3). ASV
dose has nothing to do with body size but only the amount of venom
injected. There is no good evidence to suggest children should receive
either more ASV because of body mass or less in order to avoid adverse
reactions(4). In summary, this case study can mislead peripheral doctors
on the dose of ASV.
References
1. Jindal G, Mahajan V, Parmar VR. Antisnake venom in a
neonate with snake bite. Indian Pediatr 2010; 47: 349-350.
2. Indian National Snakebite Protocols 2007. http://whoindia.org/LinkFiles/Chemical_Safety_
Snakebite_Protocols_2007.pdf
3. Mahadevan S, Jacobsen I. National snakebite
management protocol, 2008. Indian J Emerg Pediatr 2009; 2 : 63-84.
4. Simpson ID. The pediatric management of snakebite the national
protocol. Indian Pediatr 2007; 44: 173-176.