CDC and WHO recommendations for PCP prophylaxis for HIV-exposed infants state that co-trimoxazole is indicated for HIV-exposed infants at 4-6 weeks and it needs to be continued till HIV PCR DNA tests on the infant on 2 occasions are negative; one done after 1 month of age and second after 4 months of age(1). With introduction of PACTG 076 protocol, risk of perinatal transmission of HIV infection has shown a dramatic decline from 24 to <5%(2). This implies that out of 100 mothers who are HIV-positive and on PACTG 076 management, only 5 unlucky infants will develop HIV infection. If above WHO PCP prophylaxis recommendations are followed, 95% of infants would have unnecessarily received PCP prophylaxis when in fact they are not infected with this deadly virus. Such a mass usage of co-trimoxazole carries with it risk of causing bacterial and malarial resistance. Besides, co-trimoxazole is not devoid of adverse-effects. I personally feel that some sort of a risk scoring should be done and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis offered only to those with high risk of acquiring the vertical infection. What is the recent opinion on it?