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K Rajeshwari
Email:
[email protected]
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Orange juice limits postmeal fat oxidation (Adv Nutr 2012;
3:629S-635S)
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Caloric beverages may promote weight gain by simultaneously increasing
total energy intake and limiting fat oxidation. During moderate
intensity exercise, caloric beverage intake depresses fat oxidation by
25% or more. This randomized crossover study describes the impact of
having a caloric beverage with a typical meal on fat oxidation under
resting conditions. On 2 separate days, healthy normal-weight
adolescents and adults consumed the same breakfast with either orange
juice or drinking water and sat at rest for 3 hours after breakfast.
Both meals contained the same amount of fat (12 g). Resting fat
oxidation 150 min after breakfast was significantly lower after
breakfast with orange juice. The results suggest that, independent of a
state of energy excess, when individuals have a caloric beverage instead
of drinking water with a meal, they are less likely to oxidize the
amount of fat consumed in the meal before their next meal.
Comment It appears that it is better to drink water
after a meal than orange juice especially for those who want to lose
weight.
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Early surfactant treatment for respiratory
distress syndrome (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;11:
CD001456)
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This systematic review studied the effects of early versus delayed
selective surfactant therapy for newborns intubated for respiratory
distress within the first two hours of life. Randomized and
quasi-randomized controlled clinical trials comparing early selective
surfactant administration (surfactant administration via the
endotracheal tube in infants intubated for respiratory distress, not
specifically for surfactant dosage) within the first two hours of life
versus delayed selective surfactant administration to infants with
established RDS were considered for review. Six randomized controlled
trials met selection criteria. The meta-analyses demonstrate significant
reductions in the risk of neonatal mortality, chronic lung disease; and
chronic lung disease or death at 36 weeks associated with early
treatment of intubated infants with RDS. Intubated infants randomized to
early selective surfactant administration also demonstrated a decreased
risk of acute lung injury including a decreased risk of pneumothorax,
pulmonary interstitial emphysema, and overall air leak syndromes. A
trend toward risk reduction for bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death at
28 days was also evident.
Comment Early selective surfactant
administration given to infants with RDS requiring assisted ventilation
leads to a decreased risk of pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial
emphysema, chronic lung disease and a decreased risk of neonatal
mortality.
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Serum alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D deficiency (J
Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2012; 22:42-7)
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This study explored the role of serum alkaline phosphatase in screening
for vitamin D deficiency was explored. Patients attending the Orthopedic
outpatient with complaints of pain in different body regions and serum
vitamin D3 levels of less than 30 ng/mL were included in the study.
Patients with vitamin D deficiency were further categorized into mild
deficiency (20-29 ng/mL), moderate deficiency (5-19 ng/mL) and severe
deficiency forms (< 5 ng/mL). Pearson correlation was applied to test
the correlation of serum alkaline phosphatase levels with serum vitamin
D3 levels. All of the patients in the three groups had alkaline
phosphatase within normal limits. The intergroup comparison showed
highest values of alkaline phosphatase in the moderate vitamin D
deficiency group.
Comment Serum vitamin D3 levels may not be correlated with increased
serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Therefore, alkaline phosphatase may
not be a reliable screening test to rule out vitamin D deficiency.
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Amantadine in child
psychiatry (Can Acad Child Psychiatry 2013;
22:55-60)
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This article reviews the published literature
regarding the pharmacology and use of amantadine in child and adolescent
psychiatry. A literature search of several databases was done to obtain
relevant articles. The psychotropic effect of amantadine is related to
its antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It decreases
the toxic effects of the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system which
plays an important role in many psychiatric disorders. Two randomized
controlled trials (RCTs) of amantadine were identified in children and
adolescents. One reported beneficial effects in controlling the symptoms
of irritability and hyperactivity in autistic disorder and the other
described a significant impact in attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD). Two open label studies also reported positive effects
in ADHD. A pilot study in children with enuresis reported significant
reduction in wetting frequency. Studies in adults, with relevance to
children and adolescents, reported effectiveness in resistant
depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and in counteracting side
effects of some psychotropic medications. RCTs found in traumatic brain
injury indicated a neuroprotective effect and effectiveness in
controlling agitation and aggression. Amantadine is well tolerated in
children and adolescents, with an acceptable side effect profile, and
considered safe for long term use.
Comment Amantadine shows potential for use as a safe
alternative or as an augmenting agent for treating children with
neuropsychiatric and various other disorders.
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