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Research letters

Indian Pediatr 2009;46: 261

Lymphatic Filariasis among Children in Orissa

*Anna S Kerketta,
Bontha V Babu,
Surendra SS Mohapatra and
Shantanu K Kar

Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Orissa, India.
*E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

We report clinical presentation of all forms of overt and acute forms of lymphatic filariasis among 54 children, who attended filariasis clinic at state headquarters hospital of Orissa, India. Lymphedema was the most common presentation, observed even at a young age of 2 years.

Keywords: Filariasis, Lymphedema, Lymphangitis.


India contributes about 40% of the total global burden of lymphatic filariasis (LF) and 25 states/union territories of India are endemic (1). Until recently, LF has been considered as a disease of adults and most epidemiological surveys have excluded children. Although recent surveys revealed a considerable prevalence of filarial infection among children(2), the pediatric filarial disease remains unexplored. We report the clinical manifestations of LF among 54 children aged, 2-14 years, who attended filariasis clinic at state headquarters hospital of Orissa, India, between July 2001 to December 2006. Distribution of symptoms and sigs of LF is shown in Table 1. The lymphedema was also observed at a young age (2 years old boy and 3 years old girl). Our study may not reflect the true prevalence of filarial disease in children since many cases might have subclinical manifestations, even though they contacted the disease in early childhood. Shenoy, et al.(3) showed that 11% of children in areas endemic for brugian LF in Kerala are positive for filarial antigen, and demonstration of adult worms in some children represents an important step in understanding the pathology of LF in children.

TABLE I

Clinical Presentation of Lymphatic Filariasis

Symptom Male
(n=20)
Female
(n=34)
Edema of upper limb 3 (15.0%) 8 (23.5%)
Edema of lower limb 13 (65.0%) 15 (44.1%)
Pitting edema 13 (54.0%) 21 (61.8%)
Tenderness in groin 8 (40.0%) 17 (50.0%)
Lymphadenopathy 7 (35.0%) 8 (23.5%)
Adenolymphangitis 5 (25.0%) 11 (32.3%)
Eosinophilia 0 (0.0%) 1 (2.9%)
Adenodermatolymphangioadenitis 0 (0.0%) 1 (2.9%)
Hydrocele 1 (5.0%)
History of adenolymphangitis 9 (45.0%) 8 (23.5%)

 

 

References

1. Sabesan S Palaniyani M Das PK. Mapping of lymphatic filariasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2000; 94: 591-605.

2. Witt C, Ottesen EA. Lymphatic filariasis: an infection of childhood. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6: 582-606.

3. Shenoy RK, Suma TK, Kumaraswami V, Ramah N, Dhananjay G, Padma S, et al. Preliminary findings from a cross-sectional study on lymphatic filariasis in children, in an area of India endemic for Brugia malayi infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2007; 101: 205-213.
 

 

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